Alprazolam GENERIC NAME: alprazolam BRAND NAME: Xanax DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Alprazolam is a member of the benzodiazepine family. Benzodiazepines are sedatives that cause dose-related depression of the central nervous system. They are useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, and muscle spasms. PRESCRIPTION: yes GENERIC AVAILABLE: yes PREPARATIONS: Tablets: 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 1mg, 2mg. STORAGE: Alprazolam should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed container. PRESCRIBED FOR: Alprazolam is used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and panic attacks. Anxiety disorders are characterized by unrealistic worry and apprehension, causing symptoms of restlessness, aches, trembling, shortness of breath, smothering sensation, palpitations, sweating, cold clammy hands, lightheadedness, flushing, exaggerated startle responses, problems concentrating, and insomnia. Panic attacks occur either unexpectedly or in certain situations (i.e. driving), and can require higher dosages of alprazolam. DOSING: Alprazolam may be taken with or without food. Alprazolam is metabolized by the liver and excreted mainly by the kidney. Dosages of alprazolam may need to be lowered in patients with abnormal kidney function. DRUG INTERACTIONS: Alprazolam should not be taken with ketoconazole or itraconazole. Alcohol should be avoided by patients taking benzodiazepines. Alprazolam can lead to addiction (dependency), especially at high dosages over prolonged periods of time. Because of alprazolam's addicting potential, dosages should never be increased by the patient. In patients addicted to alprazolam, abrupt discontinuation of the medicine can lead to symptoms of withdrawal (insomnia, headaches, nausea, vomiting, light headedness, sweating , anxiety, and fatigue). Seizures can occur in more severe cases of withdrawal. Consequently, patients on alprazolam for extended periods of time should slowly taper the medication under a doctor's supervision rather than abruptly stopping the medication. PREGNANCY: Benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, can cause fetal problems and should not be used in pregnancy or in nursing mothers. NURSING MOTHERS: Benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, can cause fetal problems and should not be used in pregnancy or in nursing mothers. SIDE EFFECTS: The most frequent side effects of alprazolam taken at lower doses are drowsiness or lightheadedness, which probably reflect the action of the drug. Side effects of higher dosages (those used for panic attacks) include fatigue, memory problems, speech problems, constipation, and changes in appetite with resultant changes in weight.